bet88 kèo nhà cái bet88 nhà cái A Simple Solution to I/O Issues without FGPAs: Serial Transceivers that Bundle and Send GPIO and I2C Signals Now Available!
2023.07.20
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Hiện nay, số lượng mô-đun máy ảnh và các cảm biến khác nhau được lắp đặt trong các thiết bị điện tử như tự động hóa nhà máy, văn phòng, an ninh/giám sát và thiết bị vận tải trên thị trường thiết bị công nghiệp ngày càng tăng. Lý do đằng sau điều này là do giá mô-đun máy ảnh thấp hơn. cải thiện khả năng sử dụng và tăng cường nỗ lực nhằm giải quyết Internet of Things (IoT). Tất nhiên, nhiều mô-đun máy ảnh và nhiều cảm biến khác nhau có thể cải thiện đáng kể chức năng và hiệu suất của các thiết bị điện tử này cũng như nâng cao đáng kể khả năng sử dụng của chúng. hoành tráng.
On bet88 kèo nhà cái other hand, however, using these camera modules and various sensors adds to bet88 kèo nhà cái problem of increased design difficulty. Examples of these difficulties include: 1. bet88 kèo nhà cái production line is too long to send video data transmission when trying to monitor bet88 kèo nhà cái entire production line with cameras. 2. Too many cables sending bet88 kèo nhà cái data acquired by bet88 kèo nhà cái various sensors increase bet88 kèo nhà cái weight of bet88 kèo nhà cái main body of bet88 kèo nhà cái electronic device. 3. A need to extend video transmission distance to around 1 km to monitor remote locations with cameras. 4. A need to make bet88 kèo nhà cái high-speed transmission path connecting bet88 kèo nhà cái sensors dustproof and to make bet88 kèo nhà cái sensors easy to attach and detach due to a subpar installation environment from industrial equipment. While solving these problems, camera modules and various sensors are used as needed to improve bet88 kèo nhà cái functionality, performance, and usability of electronic equipment. This is bet88 kèo nhà cái challenge that industrial equipment developers are currently facing.
On bet88 kèo nhà cái other hand, however, using these camera modules and various sensors adds to bet88 kèo nhà cái problem of increased design difficulty. Examples of these difficulties include: 1. bet88 kèo nhà cái production line is too long to send video data transmission when trying to monitor bet88 kèo nhà cái entire production line with cameras. 2. Too many cables sending bet88 kèo nhà cái data acquired by bet88 kèo nhà cái various sensors increase bet88 kèo nhà cái weight of bet88 kèo nhà cái main body of bet88 kèo nhà cái electronic device. 3. A need to extend video transmission distance to around 1 km to monitor remote locations with cameras. 4. A need to make bet88 kèo nhà cái high-speed transmission path connecting bet88 kèo nhà cái sensors dustproof and to make bet88 kèo nhà cái sensors easy to attach and detach due to a subpar installation environment from industrial equipment. While solving these problems, camera modules and various sensors are used as needed to improve bet88 kèo nhà cái functionality, performance, and usability of electronic equipment. This is bet88 kèo nhà cái challenge that industrial equipment developers are currently facing.
Thay thế truyền song song bằng truyền nối tiếp
Nhằm giải quyết những vấn đề này, THine Electronics đã cho ra mắt IC thu phát nối tiếp mới, THCS253/THCS254. Tên mã của chúng tôi cho sản phẩm mới này là IOHA:B (phát âm là I/O Hub).
bet88 kèo nhà cái new product integrates a transmitter (transmitter circuit and serializer) and receiver (receiver circuit and deserializer) on a single chip. For this reason, it is also called a SerDes transceiver IC. Two new products are used during application, one as bet88 kèo nhà cái primary chip and bet88 kèo nhà cái other as bet88 kèo nhà cái secondary chip. bet88 kèo nhà cái two chips are connected with two pairs of differential lines, one uplink and bet88 kèo nhà cái other downlink. In other words, a full-duplex transmission system that simultaneously transmits and receives signals can be realized by providing separate uplink and downlink signal lines. It is envisioned to replace parallel transmission consisting of many signal lines with serial transmission using only two pairs of differential lines (Fig. 1).
A specific application is data transmission between devices in electronic equipment and between boards within those devices. bet88 kèo nhà cái more than 30 signal lines connecting devices and boards can be bundled into just two pairs of differential lines (four signal lines), thus reducing bet88 kèo nhà cái number of wiring cables and bet88 kèo nhà cái total weight and extending bet88 kèo nhà cái transmission distance. In other words, this can solve all of bet88 kèo nhà cái issues mentioned at bet88 kèo nhà cái beginning of this article.
THCS253
bet88 kèo nhà cái new product integrates a transmitter (transmitter circuit and serializer) and receiver (receiver circuit and deserializer) on a single chip. For this reason, it is also called a SerDes transceiver IC. Two new products are used during application, one as bet88 kèo nhà cái primary chip and bet88 kèo nhà cái other as bet88 kèo nhà cái secondary chip. bet88 kèo nhà cái two chips are connected with two pairs of differential lines, one uplink and bet88 kèo nhà cái other downlink. In other words, a full-duplex transmission system that simultaneously transmits and receives signals can be realized by providing separate uplink and downlink signal lines. It is envisioned to replace parallel transmission consisting of many signal lines with serial transmission using only two pairs of differential lines (Fig. 1).
Hình 1 Thay thế truyền song song bằng truyền nối tiếp
A specific application is data transmission between devices in electronic equipment and between boards within those devices. bet88 kèo nhà cái more than 30 signal lines connecting devices and boards can be bundled into just two pairs of differential lines (four signal lines), thus reducing bet88 kèo nhà cái number of wiring cables and bet88 kèo nhà cái total weight and extending bet88 kèo nhà cái transmission distance. In other words, this can solve all of bet88 kèo nhà cái issues mentioned at bet88 kèo nhà cái beginning of this article.
THCS253
Hỗ trợ dễ dàng cho Quang/Không dây
Các sản phẩm mới của chúng tôi cung cấp cho người dùng nhiều lợi ích hơn trong khi vẫn duy trì các lợi thế của các mẫu THCS251/THCS252 hiện có. Đầu tiên, chúng ta hãy xem xét những lợi ích kế thừa từ các sản phẩm thông thường.
THCS253
bet88 kèo nhà cái second advantage is bet88 kèo nhà cái reduction in bet88 kèo nhà cái total weight of bet88 kèo nhà cái wiring cable. This is due to bet88 kèo nhà cái reduced number of wiring cables, which has a significant effect. For example, this type of weight reduction may reduce bet88 kèo nhà cái weight of a drone, allowing for longer battery run time and, thus, longer flight times.
bet88 kèo nhà cái third advantage is bet88 kèo nhà cái simplified process of connecting wiring cables. This is due to bet88 kèo nhà cái reduced number of cables that need to be connected. As a result, wiring errors can be diminished, and work efficiency can be improved.
bet88 kèo nhà cái fourth advantage is extending transmission distance while maintaining signal quality (signal integrity). In parallel transmission, bet88 kèo nhà cái available transmission distance is at most 1 m when bet88 kèo nhà cái clock frequency is 100 MHz. On bet88 kèo nhà cái other hand, for serial transmission, a continuous time linear equalizer (CTLE), which compensates for bet88 kèo nhà cái frequency characteristics of bet88 kèo nhà cái sent signal and shapes bet88 kèo nhà cái waveform, is installed in bet88 kèo nhà cái receiver circuit so bet88 kèo nhà cái transmission distance can be extended to approximately 10 m at a clock frequency of 100 MHz (transmission speed of 3.0 Gbps), albeit dependent on bet88 kèo nhà cái quality of bet88 kèo nhà cái wiring cable used.
bet88 kèo nhà cái fifth advantage is reducing bet88 kèo nhà cái radiation level of electromagnetic interference (EMI). There are two reasons this is bet88 kèo nhà cái case. bet88 kèo nhà cái first is bet88 kèo nhà cái use of a clock signal-embedded SerDes circuit. bet88 kèo nhà cái other reason is that bet88 kèo nhà cái transmission medium is a differential cable with two signal lines. Noise radiated from each signal line cancels out.
bet88 kèo nhà cái sixth advantage is bet88 kèo nhà cái ability to standardize design. bet88 kèo nhà cái conventional THCS251 provides a maximum of 35 GPIOs, but there are few use cases where all these must be used. This generates excess terminals (vacant terminals), which can be effectively used to standardize bet88 kèo nhà cái design. For example, bet88 kèo nhà cái extra terminals can connect between bet88 kèo nhà cái microcontroller/FPGA and bet88 kèo nhà cái connector in advance. In this way, even if bet88 kèo nhà cái functions of multiple models differ slightly, bet88 kèo nhà cái hardware design of signal transmission paths, etc., remains bet88 kèo nhà cái same, and differences in functions can be absorbed by simply assigning new signals to bet88 kèo nhà cái extra terminals. Moreover, bet88 kèo nhà cái conventional THCS251/THCS252 models have a function that allows bet88 kèo nhà cái ratio of general-purpose inputs (GPI) to general-purpose outputs (GPO) to be set in four steps. This can increase bet88 kèo nhà cái scope for absorbing differences in functionality. In other words, these models made it possible to share bet88 kèo nhà cái same design to realize multiple models with only one hardware design.
In addition to these advantages, another major feature is bet88 kèo nhà cái ease of conversion to optical and wireless. bet88 kèo nhà cái new product uses a full-duplex transmission system with downlink and uplink transmission paths, respectively. Therefore, connecting an optoelectronic conversion device or a short-distance wireless communication device (millimeter wave communication device) to each can make bet88 kèo nhà cái connection between devices or boards optical or wireless. This, as a result, dramatically expands bet88 kèo nhà cái range of applications. Making bet88 kèo nhà cái system optical allows it to be applied to applications where bet88 kèo nhà cái distance between two electronic devices is far apart (several tens to several hundreds of meters), where bet88 kèo nhà cái noise environment is poor, or where electrical isolation is required (Fig. 2).
On bet88 kèo nhà cái other hand, wireless technology allows for use in factories and other applications requiring dustproofing and electrical insulation (Fig. 3).
THCS253
bet88 kèo nhà cái second advantage is bet88 kèo nhà cái reduction in bet88 kèo nhà cái total weight of bet88 kèo nhà cái wiring cable. This is due to bet88 kèo nhà cái reduced number of wiring cables, which has a significant effect. For example, this type of weight reduction may reduce bet88 kèo nhà cái weight of a drone, allowing for longer battery run time and, thus, longer flight times.
bet88 kèo nhà cái third advantage is bet88 kèo nhà cái simplified process of connecting wiring cables. This is due to bet88 kèo nhà cái reduced number of cables that need to be connected. As a result, wiring errors can be diminished, and work efficiency can be improved.
bet88 kèo nhà cái fourth advantage is extending transmission distance while maintaining signal quality (signal integrity). In parallel transmission, bet88 kèo nhà cái available transmission distance is at most 1 m when bet88 kèo nhà cái clock frequency is 100 MHz. On bet88 kèo nhà cái other hand, for serial transmission, a continuous time linear equalizer (CTLE), which compensates for bet88 kèo nhà cái frequency characteristics of bet88 kèo nhà cái sent signal and shapes bet88 kèo nhà cái waveform, is installed in bet88 kèo nhà cái receiver circuit so bet88 kèo nhà cái transmission distance can be extended to approximately 10 m at a clock frequency of 100 MHz (transmission speed of 3.0 Gbps), albeit dependent on bet88 kèo nhà cái quality of bet88 kèo nhà cái wiring cable used.
bet88 kèo nhà cái fifth advantage is reducing bet88 kèo nhà cái radiation level of electromagnetic interference (EMI). There are two reasons this is bet88 kèo nhà cái case. bet88 kèo nhà cái first is bet88 kèo nhà cái use of a clock signal-embedded SerDes circuit. bet88 kèo nhà cái other reason is that bet88 kèo nhà cái transmission medium is a differential cable with two signal lines. Noise radiated from each signal line cancels out.
bet88 kèo nhà cái sixth advantage is bet88 kèo nhà cái ability to standardize design. bet88 kèo nhà cái conventional THCS251 provides a maximum of 35 GPIOs, but there are few use cases where all these must be used. This generates excess terminals (vacant terminals), which can be effectively used to standardize bet88 kèo nhà cái design. For example, bet88 kèo nhà cái extra terminals can connect between bet88 kèo nhà cái microcontroller/FPGA and bet88 kèo nhà cái connector in advance. In this way, even if bet88 kèo nhà cái functions of multiple models differ slightly, bet88 kèo nhà cái hardware design of signal transmission paths, etc., remains bet88 kèo nhà cái same, and differences in functions can be absorbed by simply assigning new signals to bet88 kèo nhà cái extra terminals. Moreover, bet88 kèo nhà cái conventional THCS251/THCS252 models have a function that allows bet88 kèo nhà cái ratio of general-purpose inputs (GPI) to general-purpose outputs (GPO) to be set in four steps. This can increase bet88 kèo nhà cái scope for absorbing differences in functionality. In other words, these models made it possible to share bet88 kèo nhà cái same design to realize multiple models with only one hardware design.
In addition to these advantages, another major feature is bet88 kèo nhà cái ease of conversion to optical and wireless. bet88 kèo nhà cái new product uses a full-duplex transmission system with downlink and uplink transmission paths, respectively. Therefore, connecting an optoelectronic conversion device or a short-distance wireless communication device (millimeter wave communication device) to each can make bet88 kèo nhà cái connection between devices or boards optical or wireless. This, as a result, dramatically expands bet88 kèo nhà cái range of applications. Making bet88 kèo nhà cái system optical allows it to be applied to applications where bet88 kèo nhà cái distance between two electronic devices is far apart (several tens to several hundreds of meters), where bet88 kèo nhà cái noise environment is poor, or where electrical isolation is required (Fig. 2).
Hình 2 Tạo điều kiện chuyển đổi sang quang học
On bet88 kèo nhà cái other hand, wireless technology allows for use in factories and other applications requiring dustproofing and electrical insulation (Fig. 3).
Hình 3 Tạo điều kiện chuyển đổi sang mạng không dây
Không cần thiết kế lại phần cứng khi bổ sung chức năng mới đột ngột
Do đó, IC thu phát nối tiếp của THine Electronics mang lại nhiều ưu điểm được mô tả ở trên, ngay cả trong các sản phẩm thông thường. Ngoài ra, các mẫu THCS253/THCS254 mới có lợi thế về khả năng tương thích I2C, tăng đáng kể khả năng tự do thiết kế của giao diện đầu vào/đầu ra. (I/O) phần.
In general, it is not uncommon for bet88 kèo nhà cái development of electronic equipment to undergo sudden changes in design after design work has begun. bet88 kèo nhà cái addition of new features, for example. In this case, depending on bet88 kèo nhà cái functions to be added, bet88 kèo nhà cái number of signal lines to be exchanged with sub-boards, etc., may increase, forcing changes in hardware design, such as signal transmission paths. Of course, bet88 kèo nhà cái need for a redesign means an increase in person-hours, project delivery time, and cost.
If possible, hardware redesigns should be avoided even in bet88 kèo nhà cái event of sudden design changes. Our new products are very effective in these kind of scenarios. With our support for I2C, each pin can be freely customized by accessing bet88 kèo nhà cái internal registers and rewriting data through this compatibility. In other words, bet88 kèo nhà cái hardware design, such as signal transmission paths, can be left unchanged while responding extremely flexibly to additional functions by simply rewriting internal registers (Fig. 4).
As mentioned above, bet88 kèo nhà cái existing THCS251/THCS252 models also have a function that allows bet88 kèo nhà cái number ratio of GPI and GPO to be set in four steps, which can be used to accommodate sudden design changes to some extent. However, bet88 kèo nhà cái scope for customization is far more significant in our new models. Therefore, using our new models can significantly reduce bet88 kèo nhà cái probability of redesigning hardware during design change compared to bet88 kèo nhà cái previous models.
One might ask, "Was there no effective remedy that could prevent bet88 kèo nhà cái need for hardware redesign?" Of course, this could be achieved using FPGAs. However, this brought a significant disadvantage ?increased design labor involved in designing bet88 kèo nhà cái circuity inside bet88 kèo nhà cái FPGA and bet88 kèo nhà cái layout design of bet88 kèo nhà cái printed circuit board. In addition, costs would increase. It would be difficult to decide to install FPGAs in bet88 kèo nhà cái I/O section in advance simply due to bet88 kèo nhà cái possibility of future change, such as bet88 kèo nhà cái addition of functions, after starting bet88 kèo nhà cái design in bet88 kèo nhà cái first place.
However, bet88 kèo nhà cái new models integrate bet88 kèo nhà cái circuity for customization via I2C on a single chip, so unlike FPGAs, almost no additional design effort is required at bet88 kèo nhà cái time of introduction. When other functions are added, they can be handled simply by rewriting bet88 kèo nhà cái built-in registers, eliminating bet88 kèo nhà cái need for any hardware redesign, such as signal transmission paths.
THCS253
InPhần 2, ngoài việc giải thích chi tiết hơn về thay đổi này, một thay đổi khác, việc giới thiệu chế độ đồng bộ/không đồng bộ, sẽ được mô tả.
End
In general, it is not uncommon for bet88 kèo nhà cái development of electronic equipment to undergo sudden changes in design after design work has begun. bet88 kèo nhà cái addition of new features, for example. In this case, depending on bet88 kèo nhà cái functions to be added, bet88 kèo nhà cái number of signal lines to be exchanged with sub-boards, etc., may increase, forcing changes in hardware design, such as signal transmission paths. Of course, bet88 kèo nhà cái need for a redesign means an increase in person-hours, project delivery time, and cost.
If possible, hardware redesigns should be avoided even in bet88 kèo nhà cái event of sudden design changes. Our new products are very effective in these kind of scenarios. With our support for I2C, each pin can be freely customized by accessing bet88 kèo nhà cái internal registers and rewriting data through this compatibility. In other words, bet88 kèo nhà cái hardware design, such as signal transmission paths, can be left unchanged while responding extremely flexibly to additional functions by simply rewriting internal registers (Fig. 4).
Hình 4 Tăng tính linh hoạt trong thiết kế phần cứng
As mentioned above, bet88 kèo nhà cái existing THCS251/THCS252 models also have a function that allows bet88 kèo nhà cái number ratio of GPI and GPO to be set in four steps, which can be used to accommodate sudden design changes to some extent. However, bet88 kèo nhà cái scope for customization is far more significant in our new models. Therefore, using our new models can significantly reduce bet88 kèo nhà cái probability of redesigning hardware during design change compared to bet88 kèo nhà cái previous models.
One might ask, "Was there no effective remedy that could prevent bet88 kèo nhà cái need for hardware redesign?" Of course, this could be achieved using FPGAs. However, this brought a significant disadvantage ?increased design labor involved in designing bet88 kèo nhà cái circuity inside bet88 kèo nhà cái FPGA and bet88 kèo nhà cái layout design of bet88 kèo nhà cái printed circuit board. In addition, costs would increase. It would be difficult to decide to install FPGAs in bet88 kèo nhà cái I/O section in advance simply due to bet88 kèo nhà cái possibility of future change, such as bet88 kèo nhà cái addition of functions, after starting bet88 kèo nhà cái design in bet88 kèo nhà cái first place.
However, bet88 kèo nhà cái new models integrate bet88 kèo nhà cái circuity for customization via I2C on a single chip, so unlike FPGAs, almost no additional design effort is required at bet88 kèo nhà cái time of introduction. When other functions are added, they can be handled simply by rewriting bet88 kèo nhà cái built-in registers, eliminating bet88 kèo nhà cái need for any hardware redesign, such as signal transmission paths.
THCS253
Hình 5 Tính năng của IOHA:B (THCS253/254)
InPhần 2, ngoài việc giải thích chi tiết hơn về thay đổi này, một thay đổi khác, việc giới thiệu chế độ đồng bộ/không đồng bộ, sẽ được mô tả.
End
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- Giải quyết các vấn đề về đường tín hiệu với đầu nối không tiếp xúc, được thực hiện thông qua IC giao diện nối tiếp và IC không dây tầm ngắn
- Bộ thu phát nối tiếp cho GPIO và I2C - Phim khái niệm IOHA:B
- Gửi GPIO và I2C đi kèm bằng Bộ thu phát nối tiếp: Hai thay đổi được giải thích về lợi ích đáng kể cho người dùng